Dates of emancipation from serfdom in various countries
Scotland: neyfs (serfs) disappeared by late 14th century,[27] but heritable jurisdictions survived until 1747.[28]
England & Wales: obsolete by 15th-16th century,[29]
Wallachia: officially ended in 1746 (land reforms in 1864)
Moldavia: officially ended in 1749 (land reforms in 1864)
Savoy: 19 December 1771
Austria: 1 November 1781 (first step; second step: 184

Bohemia: 1 November 1781 (first step; second step: 184

Baden: 23 July 1783
Denmark: 20 June 1788
Helvetic Republic: 4 May 1798
Batavian Republic (Netherlands): constitution of 12 June 1798 (in theory; in practice with the introduction of the French Code Napoléon in 1811)
Serbia: 1804 (de facto, de jure in 1830)
Schleswig-Holstein: 19 December 1804
Swedish Pomerania: 4 July 1806
Duchy of Warsaw (Poland): 22 July 1807
Prussia: 9 October 1807 (effectively 1811-1823)
Mecklenburg: October 1807 (effectively 1820)
Bavaria: 31 August 1808
Nassau: 1 September 1812
Governorate of Estonia: 23 March 1816
Governorate of Courland: 25 August 1817
Württemberg: 18 November 1817
Governorate of Livonia: 26 March 1819
Hanover: 1831
Saxony: 17 March 1832
Hungary: 11 April 1848
Croatia: 8 May 1848
Austrian Empire: 7 September 1848[30]
Bulgaria: 1858 (de jure by Ottoman Empire; de facto in 1880)
Russian Empire: 19 February 1861 (see Emancipation reform of 1861)
Tonga: 1862
Congress Poland: 1864[31]
Georgia: 1864-1871
Kalmykia: 1892
Iceland: 1894 (completely)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1918
Afghanistan: 1923
Bhutan: officially abolished by 1959[12]
Tibet, People's Republic of China: March 29, 1959, but use of "serf" for Tibet is controversial[8][9][10][11]
See also
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